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ZKSync Hacked for $5 Million: Token Price Plunges, Former L2 Darling Now in Shambles
4 月 15 日，「以太坊四大 layer2」之一的 ZKsync 链上 ZK 代币价格突然跳水。截至撰稿，ZK 代币价格暂报 0.0444 美元，24 小时内跌幅超过 14%，事件迅速引发社区关注。
事件始末
ZKsync 官方迅速回应了这场风波。4 月 15 日晚 9 点 49 分，团队发布声明称，他们的安全团队发现一个被盗的管理员账户是此次事件的核心。这个账户控制了价值约 500 万美元的 ZK 代币，而这些代币并非凭空出现，而是来源于此前 ZKsync 空投活动中尚未被领取的剩余代币。
官方强调，异常增发和抛售的背后，是被盗密钥导致的孤立事件，仅限于空投合约本身。目前，ZKsync 正在采取必要的安全措施，并明确表示：所有用户资金安全无虞，从未面临风险；ZKsync 协议和 ZK 代币合约未受影响，没有更多代币存在被盗风险。
尽管官方试图安抚市场情绪，但 ZK 代币价格的剧烈波动已是不争的事实，而且更重要的是，社区似乎对官方这套说辞十分不买账。
不少社区成员指出，这次操作是早有预谋，而不是官方口中偶发的被盗事件。ZKsync 是先在链上增发 1.1 亿枚$ZK，之后不断砸盘抛售 6600 万枚代币，上演了一出「监守自盗」的戏码。
@yuyue_chris 表示，ZKsync 事件是近期「中心化操盘套路」的又一例证。异常增发被视为「不讲武德」的直接作恶，摧毁了投资者对 VC 项目的信任底线，官方回应「完全是敷衍」。
近年来，Layer 2 竞争愈发激烈。此前，ZKsync 因熊市影响而终止流动性计划，已让部分投资者感到失望，如今再爆安全丑闻，无疑是雪上加霜。
L2 的昔日明星，如今一地鸡毛
ZKsync 是以太坊的 Layer 2 扩容解决方案，通过将交易处理从以太坊主链转移到侧链，大幅降低交易费用并提升速度。ZKsync 采用的是 ZK Rollup 技术，这种技术一度被认为是 Layer 2 的未来方向，因其兼顾了高效性和安全性。
在 Layer 2 赛道中，ZKsync 曾与 Arbitrum、Optimism（OP Rollup 阵营）以及 Starknet（同属 ZK Rollup）并称为「四大头部玩家」，风头一时无两。
但时至今日，ZKsync 的表现并不尽如人意。去年 6 月空投后，生态活跃度大幅下滑。数据显示，ZKsync 的活跃地址数量下降了 83.5%，日均交易量更是暴跌 86%。去年 6 月的空投计划中，36 亿枚 ZK 代币分配给 695,232 个钱包，但 Nansen 数据显示，超 40% 的接收者直接清仓，41.4% 部分卖出，仅 17.9% 选择持有。这表明，空投并未有效激励长期参与，反而加剧了抛售压力。
而且，ZKsync 似乎早有「Rug 链」标签。2023 年 4 月，SyncDex Finance 疑似 Rug Pull，质押超 100 ETH 和 98,444.8 USDC 的资金蒸发，官方渠道关闭；不到一个月，SHIBERA 项目抽干流动性池后跑路；同年 7 月，Kannagi Finance 的 TVL 从 213 万美元暴跌至 24 美元，官方账号注销；去年 5 月的项目 xBank Finance 也疑似归零，官方账号被冻结。
相关阅读：《ZKsync 发币，生态项目方却先跑为敬？》
不只是 ZKsync，曾经的以太坊 Layer 2「头部玩家」的日子都不太好过。2024 年 3 月，以太坊完成坎昆升级，将关注重新带回 Layer2 领域。但根据 Artemis 数据显示，ZKsync、 Arbitrum、Optimism、Starknet 的日活地址数量在 2024 年第二季度达到峰值后似乎一蹶不振。其中，ZKsync 在 2024 年 4 月和 6 月曾出现活跃地址高峰，最高接近 140 万，远超其他 Layer 2 项目。但 6 月 17 日空投后，活跃地址数迅速下滑，至 7 月底已跌至低谷，后续虽有小幅反弹，仍长期徘徊在 20 万 以下。
随着 Layer 2 赛道竞争白热化，ZKsync 等 ZK Rollup 项目未能保持早期优势。而 Base 的崛起凭借 Coinbase 智能钱包的低门槛和 400 万笔几乎两倍于 Arbitrum 的日均交易量，吸引了大量用户，市场份额被大量分流。此外，以太坊生态应用，如 meme、DeFi 等被 Solana 等 Layer 1 分流，导致许多 L2 逐渐沦为「没人用的鬼链」。
相关阅读：《Layer2 年中回顾：Base 超越 Optimism 成第二大 Layer2；zkSync 和 Satrknet 面临生态困境》
虽然 ZKsync 本次事件到底是真的被盗，还是又一起「妖庄」操盘还没有盖棺定论。但要想重拾社区信任，重返 Layer 2 头部阵营，ZKsync 必须拿出更多实际行动证明自己。而对于整个 Layer 2 赛道而言，如何在竞争白热化和分流的压力下，从「流量泡沫」走向真正的价值创造，或许是比技术更重要的命题。
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